Classifying Living Things

Living vs. Nonliving

• Living things can Move, Reproduce, Sense, Grow, Respire, Excrete, Nourish.
• Also made of cells
• Living things are found either unicellular or multicellular

• Binomial Nomenclature (The Naming System)

• • All living organisms can be grouped into Three domains: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Eukarya and Six kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista
  • The classification hierarchy consists of:

Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, and Species.

Dumb –> King –> Philip –> Came –> Over –> For –> Good –> Soup

• • Any organism’s scientific name is written as: Genus species.
    • E.g. Lion: Panthera leo or Panthera leo

• Virus, Viroid and Prion

• • These are only living when in a host cell.
    • Viruses: have only genetic material surrounded by a protein that cause infections.

• • • Viroid: is the RNA segments that cause infections.
    • Prion: is the protein segments that cause infections.

THE THREE DOMAINS – SIX KINGDOMS SYSTEM

• Domain: Eubacteria
  • Kingdom: Eubacteria.
    • Prokaryotes: No nucleus; only a single chromosome.
    • No membrane bound organelles.
    • Unicellular.
    • Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

• Domain: Archaebacteria.
  • Kingdom:  Archaebacteria.
    • Prokaryotes: No nucleus; only a single chromosome.
    • No membrane bound organelles.
    • Unicellular.
    • Extremophiles: thrive in extreme conditions (E.g. Thermophiles).
    • High similarities to eukaryotes.

• Domain: Eukarya.
  • Kingdom: Fungi.
    • Eukaryotes: contain at least one nucleus.
    • Contain membrane bound organelles.
    • Heterotrophic (Saprophytic: feed by external digestion).
    • Unicellular (E.g. Yeast) and multicellular (E.g. Bread molds).
    • Cell wall made of chitin.
    • Live in moist, warm, full of nutrients and no light environment.

• • Kingdom: Protista.
    • Eukaryotes: contain nucleus.
    • Contain membrane bound organelles.
    • Unicellular or multicellular.
    • Contains three groups: Plant like Protista, Animal like Protista, and Fungus like Protista.
      • Protophyta:
        • Sometimes no cell wall.
        • Sometimes heterotrophic.
        • E.g.: Euglena, Diatoms, and Algae.

• • • • Protozoa:
        • No cell wall.
        • All unicellular.
        • E.g.: Giardia, Paramecium, Plasmodium, and Amoeba.

• • • • Fungus like Protista:
        • Cellulose cell wall.
        • E.g.: Water molds and Slime molds.

• • Kingdom: Animals.
    • Eukaryotes: contain nucleus.
    • Contain membrane bound organelles.
    • Heterotrophic.
    • Multicellular.
    • No cell wall.

• • Kingdom: Plants.
    • Eukaryotes: contain nucleus.
    • Contain membrane bound organelles.
    • Autotrophic: make their own food by photosynthesis because they contain chlorophyll.
    • Multicellular.
    • Cell wall made of cellulose.

DICHOTOMOUS KEY

• A method used to identify organisms by answering a series of questions.
  • TYPE ONE: Identifying one organism.

• • TYPE TWO: Identifying a group of organisms.